What are the benefits of ginseng, and is it safe?
Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) is the most studied herb for tiredness. A 2023 review found it may have a small effect on general fatigue, but results are inconsistent and it is not a treatment for disease. Short-term use (up to 6 months) in recommended amounts appears safe for most adults; the most common side effect is trouble sleeping, and it can interact with medicines.
What is ginseng?
The name “ginseng” is used for several plants. The most studied are Asian or Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng) and American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius). The root has long been used in East Asian traditional medicine and is now sold as capsules, teas, extracts and drinks.
“Javanese ginseng” (ginseng jawa), commonly grown in Malaysia (Talinum paniculatum), is a different plant and not part of the Panax genus. Research on Asian ginseng cannot be assumed to apply to it.
What does research say about ginseng's benefits?
According to NCCIH (the US National Institutes of Health), a 2023 review of 19 studies (2,413 participants) suggested Asian ginseng may have a small beneficial effect on general fatigue. Not all research agrees, and the effect size is small.
Ginseng has also been studied for thinking skills, blood sugar and immunity, but the evidence for these uses is still limited or mixed. There is no strong evidence that ginseng treats any disease.
What are the benefits of ginseng for men?
Many men look for ginseng for “energy”. The best evidence so far shows only a small effect on general tiredness. If you are often tired, causes such as poor sleep, stress, anaemia or diabetes matter more — see why am I always tired.
How is ginseng different from tongkat ali?
They are completely different herbs. Ginseng (Panax) comes from East Asia and North America, while tongkat ali (Eurycoma longifolia) is native to the forests of Southeast Asia, including Malaysia. Studies on each measure different things, and the evidence for both is still limited.
For facts about tongkat ali, read what is tongkat ali: facts and research. Many 3-in-1 “tongkat ali ginseng coffee” drinks are also high in sugar — check the nutrition label.
What are ginseng's side effects, and who should avoid it?
NCCIH says the most common side effect is trouble sleeping. Uncommon reported effects include severe rash, liver damage and severe allergic reactions. Ginseng may worsen autoimmune conditions, interfere with blood clotting and lower blood sugar.
- Some experts advise against it for infants, children, and women who are pregnant or breastfeeding.
- Be careful if you take blood thinners, diabetes medicines or other medicines — talk to a doctor or pharmacist.
- Choose a registered product with a MAL number — see how to check KKM registration.
Frequently asked questions
Can you take ginseng every day?
According to NCCIH, taking Asian ginseng by mouth for up to 6 months in recommended amounts appears safe for most people, but long-term safety is unclear. Follow the directions on a registered product's label and talk to a doctor if you take medicines.
When is the best time to take ginseng?
Because the most common side effect is trouble sleeping, many people take it in the morning or early afternoon. Follow the label directions.
Is Javanese ginseng the same as Korean ginseng?
No. Javanese ginseng (Talinum paniculatum) is a different plant from Korean or Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng), and research on Panax ginseng does not apply to it.
Can ginseng and tongkat ali be taken together?
Herbal combinations have not been well studied for safety or effect. If you are considering it, especially if you have a health condition or take medicines, talk to a doctor or pharmacist first.
Sources
This article is general information based on published research, not medical advice. It makes no claim about any product.
